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High-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels for cold forming

Description

Steels in the HSLA (High Strength Low Alloy) range are hardened by a combination of precipitation and grain size refining, resulting in high strength with low alloy content. This enhances weldability and choice of coatings, since these steels exhibit neither weld-zone softening nor grain coarsening. These grades are particularly suitable for structural components such as suspension systems, chassis and reinforcement parts.

For their respective yield strength levels, these steels all exhibit excellent cold forming and low-temperature brittle fracture strength (as from grade 320).

The entire range of HSLA steels offers good fatigue strength (suspension arms, strut mounts) and impact strength (longitudinal beams, subframes, reinforcements, etc.).

Their mechanical properties enable the weight of reinforcement and structural components to be reduced.

The HSLA range of products is available in hot and cold rolled grades. The various grades are identified by their yield strength.

Hot rolled HSLA grades are suitable for Class 1 hot-dip galvanised coating in accordance with standard EN 36503 (post-galvanising).

Applications

Steels in the HSLA range are suitable for structural components such as suspension systems, reinforcements, subframes, longitudinal beams, chassis components, etc. The mechanical properties of hot-rolled HSLA steels and their excellent cold-forming performance and low-temperature brittle fracture resistance enable cost-effective solutions to be found for many parts and sub-assemblies requiring weight, thickness and size reduction, such as:

  • Chassis components
  • Wheels
  • Seat runners
  • Subframes
  • Rear subframe in Extragal®-coated HSLA 300

  • Bumper bracket in Dual Phase 780
    Impact absorber in HSLA 300

Designation and standard

These cross-references are given for information only. ArcelorMittal grades generally offer more narrowly defined mechanical properties.

The table below summarises the cross-references between the ArcelorMittal product range, European standards and standard VDA 239-100.

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ArcelorMittal name Generic name Euronorms VDA 239-100 ABNT NBR
CR210LA CR210LA
CR240LA CR240LA HC260LA (+ZE) / HX260LAD (+Z, +ZF, +ZM) CR240LA (-UC,-EG,-GI,-GA,-ZM) ARBL-240 / ZAR-230
CR270LA CR270LA HC300LA (+ZE) / HX300LAD (+Z, +ZF, +ZM) CR270LA (-UC,-EG,-GI,-GA,-ZM) ARBL-270 / ZAR-280
CR300LA CR300LA HC340LA (+ZE) / HX340LAD (+Z, +ZF, +ZM) CR300LA (-UC,-EG,-GI,-GA,-ZM) ARBL-300 / ZAR-320
CR340LA CR340LA HC380LA (+ZE) / HX380LAD (+Z, +ZF, +ZM) CR340LA (-UC,-EG,-GI,-GA,-ZM) ARBL-340 / ZAR-345
CR380LA CR380LA HC420LA(+ZE)/HX420LAD(+Z,+ZF,+ZM) CR380LA (-UC,-EG,-GI,-GA,-ZM) ARBL-380 / ZAR-400
CR420LA CR420LA HC460LA (+ZE) / HX420LAD (+Z, +ZF, +ZM) CR420LA (-UC,-EG,-GI,-GA,-ZM) ARBL-420
CR460LA CR460LA HC500LA(+ZE)/HX500LAD(+Z,+ZF,+ZM) CR460LA (-UC,-EG,-GI,-ZM)
CR500LA CR500LA CR500LA (-UC,-EG,-GI,-ZM) ARBL-500
CR550LA CR550LA ARBL-550 / ZAR-550
Show all
ArcelorMittal name Generic name Euronorms VDA 239-100 JFS ABNT NBR
HR240LA HR240LA JSH370W LNE230 / LN240
HR270LA HR270LA LNE260 / LNE280
HR300LA HR300LA S315MC/HX340LAD (+Z) HR300LA (-UNC,-GI,-GA,-ZM)
HR340LA HR340LA S355MC/HX380LAD (+Z) HR340LA (UNC,-GI) LN360
HR380LA HR380LA LNE380
HR420LA HR420LA S420MC/HX460LAD (+Z) HR420LA (-UNC,-GI) JSH490R LNE400 / LNE420
HR460LA HR460LA S460MC/HX500LAD (+Z) HR460LA (-UNC,-GI) LNE460
HR500LA HR500LA S500MC HR500LA (-UNC,-GI) LNE500
HR550LA HR550LA S550MC HR550LA (-UNC,-GI)
HR600LA HR600LA S600MC HR600LA
HR650LA HR650LA S650MC HR650LA
HR700LA HR700LA S700MC HR700LA (-UNC)


  • Euronorms

    Uncoated (EN 10268: 2006 + A1: 2013): Steel grade name
    Electrogalvanized (EN 10268: 2006 + A1: 2013 + EN 10152: 2017): Steel grade name+ZE
    Galvannealed (EN 10346: 2015): Steel grade name+ZF
    Extragal® (EN 10346: 2015): Steel grade name+Z
    Zagnelis® (EN 10346: 2015): Steel grade name+ZM

  • VDA 239-100

    Uncoated: Steel grade name-UNC
    Electrogalvanized: Steel grade name-EG
    Galvannealed: Steel grade name-GA
    Extragal®: Steel grade name-GI
    Zagnelis®: Steel grade name+ZM

Mechanical properties

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ArcelorMittal name Generic name Direction Yield stress Rp0.2 (MPa) Tensile strength Rm (MPa) Type 1 Min. A50mm (%) Type 2 Min. A80mm (%) Type 3 Min. A50mm (%) Min. r0-20 Min. rm-20 n10-20/Ag
CR210LA CR210LA RD 210 - 300 310 - 410 31 29 31 1 1.1 0.15
CR240LA CR240LA RD 240 - 320 320 - 430 29 27 25 0.15
CR270LA CR270LA RD 270 - 350 350 - 460 27 25 27 0.14
CR300LA CR300LA RD 300 - 380 380 - 490 25 23 25 0.14
CR340LA CR340LA RD 340 - 430 410 - 530 23 21 23 0.12
CR380LA CR380LA RD 380 - 470 450 - 570 21 19 20 0.12
CR420LA CR420LA RD 420 - 520 480 - 600 19 17 18 0.11
CR460LA CR460LA RD 460 - 580 520 - 680 17 15 16 0.1
CR500LA CR500LA RD 500 - 620 560 - 740 13 13 14
CR550LA CR550LA RD 550 - 670 600 - 780 11 11 12
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ArcelorMittal name Generic name Direction Yield stress Rp0.2 (MPa) Tensile strength Rm (MPa) Min. A(%) Type 1 Min. A50mm (%) Type 2 Min. A80mm (%) Type 3 Min. A50mm (%) Min. r0-20 Min. rm-20 n10-20/Ag
HR240LA HR240LA RD 240 - 320 ≥ 290 31 29 35 0.16
HR270LA HR270LA RD 270 - 350 ≥ 330 29 27 33 0.15
HR300LA HR300LA RD 300 - 380 380 - 500 28 26 24 26
HR340LA HR340LA RD 340 - 440 420 - 540 26 24 22 24
HR380LA HR380LA RD 380 - 480 450 - 570 24 22 20 22
HR420LA HR420LA RD 420 - 520 480 - 600 22 20 18 19
HR460LA HR460LA RD 460 - 560 520 - 640 20 18 16 17
HR500LA HR500LA RD 500 - 620 560 - 700 17 16 14 15
HR550LA HR550LA RD 550 - 670 610 - 750 16 14 12 13
HR600LA HR600LA RD 600 - 730 650 - 800 15 11 11 12
HR650LA HR650LA RD 650 - 800 700 - 880 14 11 11 12
HR700LA HR700LA RD 700 - 850 750 - 950 13 12 10 11


A80mm %: Percentage elongation after fracture using a specimen with gauge length L0 = 80 mm (ISO 6892-1 type 2 (EN20x80))
A50mm %: Percentage elongation after fracture using a specimen with gauge length L0 = 50 mm (ISO 6892-1 type 1 (ASTM12.5x50) or type 3 (JIS25x50)
A%: Percentage elongation after fracture using a proportional specimen with L0 = 5.65 (So)1/2
Ag %: Percentage plastic extension at maximum force
BH2: Increase in yield strength between a reference condition after a 2% plastic pre-strain and the condition obtained after heat treatment (170°C-20minutes)

Since HSLA steels can exhibit plateauing phenomena during the transition between the elastic and plastic stages, it has been agreed that only the lower value (ReL) of the variations in Re should be taken into account in the plateau zone.

Microstructure of cold-rolled HSLA 340 steel

Microstructure of cold-rolled HSLA 340 steel

Chemical composition

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ArcelorMittal name Generic name Max. C (%) Max. Si (%) Max. Mn (%) Max. P (%) Max. S (%) Min. Al (%) Max. Ti (%) Max. Nb (%) Max. Cu (%)
CR210LA CR210LA 0.1 0.5 1.0 0.08 0.03 ≥ 0.015 0.15 0.1 0.2
CR240LA CR240LA 0.1 0.5 1.0 0.03 0.025 ≥ 0.015 0.15 0.09 0.2
CR270LA CR270LA 0.12 0.5 1.0 0.03 0.025 ≥ 0.015 0.15 0.09 0.2
CR300LA CR300LA 0.12 0.5 1.4 0.04 0.025 ≥ 0.015 0.15 0.09 0.2
CR340LA CR340LA 0.12 0.5 1.5 0.04 0.025 ≥ 0.015 0.15 0.09 0.2
CR380LA CR380LA 0.12 0.5 1.6 0.04 0.025 ≥ 0.015 0.15 0.09 0.2
CR420LA CR420LA 0.12 0.5 1.7 0.03 0.025 ≥ 0.015 0.15 0.09 0.2
CR460LA CR460LA 0.15 0.6 1.7 0.03 0.025 ≥ 0.015 0.15 0.10 0.2
CR500LA CR500LA 0.14 0.6 1.8 0.03 0.025 ≥ 0.015 0.15 0.10 0.2
CR550LA CR550LA 0.14 0.6 1.8 0.03 0.025 ≥ 0.015 0.15 0.10 0.2
Show all
ArcelorMittal name Generic name Max. C (%) Max. Si (%) Max. Mn (%) Max. P (%) Max. S (%) Min. Al (%) Max. Ti (%) Max. Nb (%) Max. Cu (%)
HR240LA HR240LA 0.1 0.5 0.7 0.03 0.03 ≥ 0.015 0.15 0.05 0.2
HR270LA HR270LA 0.12 0.5 1.0 0.03 0.03 ≥ 0.015 0.15 0.05 0.2
HR300LA HR300LA 0.12 0.5 1.3 0.03 0.025 ≥ 0.015 0.15 0.1 0.2
HR340LA HR340LA 0.12 0.5 1.5 0.03 0.025 ≥ 0.015 0.15 0.1 0.2
HR380LA HR380LA 0.12 0.5 1.5 0.03 0.025 ≥ 0.015 0.15 0.1 0.2
HR420LA HR420LA 0.12 0.5 1.6 0.03 0.025 ≥ 0.015 0.15 0.1 0.2
HR460LA HR460LA 0.12 0.5 1.7 0.03 0.025 ≥ 0.015 0.15 0.1 0.2
HR500LA HR500LA 0.12 0.5 1.7 0.03 0.025 ≥ 0.015 0.15 0.1 0.2
HR550LA HR550LA 0.12 0.6 1.8 0.03 0.025 ≥ 0.015 0.15 0.1 0.2
HR600LA HR600LA 0.12 0.6 2.0 0.03 0.025 ≥ 0.015 0.2 0.1 0.2
HR650LA HR650LA 0.12 0.6 2.1 0.03 0.025 ≥ 0.015 0.2 0.1 0.2
HR700LA HR700LA 0.12 0.6 2.1 0.03 0.025 ≥ 0.015 0.15 0.1 0.2


Global availability


Under development     Customer trials     Commercial unexposed only     Commercial exposed and unexposed    

Show all
ArcelorMittal name Generic name Uncoated (-UNC) Extragal® (-GI) Galvannealed (-GA) Zagnelis® Protect (-ZMP) Zagnelis® Surface (-ZMS) Electrogalvanized (-EG)
CR210LA CR210LA
CR240LA CR240LA
CR270LA CR270LA
CR300LA CR300LA
CR340LA CR340LA
CR380LA CR380LA
CR420LA CR420LA
CR460LA CR460LA
CR500LA CR500LA
CR550LA CR550LA
HR240LA HR240LA
HR270LA HR270LA
HR300LA HR300LA
HR340LA HR340LA
HR380LA HR380LA
HR420LA HR420LA
HR460LA HR460LA
HR500LA HR500LA
HR550LA HR550LA
HR600LA HR600LA
HR650LA HR650LA
HR700LA HR700LA
Show all
ArcelorMittal name Generic name Uncoated (-UNC) Extragal® (-GI) Galvannealed (-GA) Zagnelis® Protect (-ZMP) Zagnelis® Surface (-ZMS) Electrogalvanized (-EG)
CR210LA CR210LA
CR240LA CR240LA
CR270LA CR270LA
CR300LA CR300LA
CR340LA CR340LA
CR380LA CR380LA
CR420LA CR420LA
CR460LA CR460LA
CR500LA CR500LA
CR550LA CR550LA
HR240LA HR240LA
HR270LA HR270LA
HR300LA HR300LA
HR340LA HR340LA
HR380LA HR380LA
HR420LA HR420LA
HR460LA HR460LA
HR500LA HR500LA
HR550LA HR550LA
HR600LA HR600LA
HR650LA HR650LA
HR700LA HR700LA
Show all
ArcelorMittal name Generic name Uncoated (-UNC) Extragal® (-GI) Galvannealed (-GA)
CR210LA CR210LA
CR240LA CR240LA
CR270LA CR270LA
CR300LA CR300LA
CR340LA CR340LA
CR380LA CR380LA
CR420LA CR420LA
CR460LA CR460LA
CR500LA CR500LA
CR550LA CR550LA
HR240LA HR240LA
HR270LA HR270LA
HR300LA HR300LA
HR340LA HR340LA
HR380LA HR380LA
HR420LA HR420LA
HR460LA HR460LA
HR500LA HR500LA
HR550LA HR550LA
HR600LA HR600LA
HR650LA HR650LA
HR700LA HR700LA
Show all
ArcelorMittal name Generic name Uncoated (-UNC) Extragal® (-GI) Galvannealed (-GA)
CR210LA CR210LA
CR240LA CR240LA
CR270LA CR270LA
CR300LA CR300LA
CR340LA CR340LA
CR380LA CR380LA
CR420LA CR420LA
CR460LA CR460LA
CR500LA CR500LA
CR550LA CR550LA
HR240LA HR240LA
HR270LA HR270LA
HR300LA HR300LA
HR340LA HR340LA
HR380LA HR380LA
HR420LA HR420LA
HR460LA HR460LA
HR500LA HR500LA
HR550LA HR550LA
HR600LA HR600LA
HR650LA HR650LA
HR700LA HR700LA
Show all
ArcelorMittal name Generic name Uncoated (-UNC) Electrogalvanized (-EG)
CR210LA CR210LA
CR240LA CR240LA
CR270LA CR270LA
CR300LA CR300LA
CR340LA CR340LA
CR380LA CR380LA
CR420LA CR420LA
CR460LA CR460LA
CR500LA CR500LA
CR550LA CR550LA
HR240LA HR240LA
HR270LA HR270LA
HR300LA HR300LA
HR340LA HR340LA
HR380LA HR380LA
HR420LA HR420LA
HR460LA HR460LA
HR500LA HR500LA
HR550LA HR550LA
HR600LA HR600LA
HR650LA HR650LA
HR700LA HR700LA
Show all
ArcelorMittal name Generic name Uncoated (-UNC) Extragal® (-GI) Galvannealed (-GA)
CR210LA CR210LA
CR240LA CR240LA
CR270LA CR270LA
CR300LA CR300LA
CR340LA CR340LA
CR380LA CR380LA
CR420LA CR420LA
CR460LA CR460LA
CR500LA CR500LA
CR550LA CR550LA
HR240LA HR240LA
HR270LA HR270LA
HR300LA HR300LA
HR340LA HR340LA
HR380LA HR380LA
HR420LA HR420LA
HR460LA HR460LA
HR500LA HR500LA
HR550LA HR550LA
HR600LA HR600LA
HR650LA HR650LA
HR700LA HR700LA

Please contact us regarding the availability of additional HSLA products.

Forming

Drawability declines progressively with increasing yield strength.

Forming limit curves can be used to define the limits within which a material can be deformed without necking for different deformation paths.

Example of forming limit curves calculated for cold-rolled HSLA family of steels (thickness: 1.0 mm) (ArcelorMittal model for Europe)

Example of forming limit curves calculated for cold-rolled HSLA family of steels (thickness: 1.0 mm) (Keeler model for North America)

Example of forming limit curves calculated for hot-rolled HSLA family of steels (thickness: 2.5 mm) (ArcelorMittal model for Europe)

Example of forming limit curves calculated for hot-rolled HSLA family of steels (thickness: 2.5 mm) (Keeler model for North America)

Please contact us for additional forming data for steels in the HSLA range with particular thicknesses and coatings.

Welding

Spot weldability is determined in accordance with the ISO 18278-2 method.

Show all
ArcelorMittal name Thickness (mm) Nugget diameter (mm) Pure tensile (kN) Weld diameter (mm) Tensile-shear (kN)
CR240LA 1.5 7.11 12.12 6.99 14.11
CR420LA 1.5 7.12 12.55 6.93 15.74
CR460LA 1.5 6.88 11 7.35 18.09
Show all
ArcelorMittal name Thickness (mm) Nugget diameter (mm) Pure tensile (kN) Weld diameter (mm) Tensile-shear (kN)
HR300LA 2 7.06 15.08 6.6 18.44
HR340LA 2 6.95 16.59 7.2 21.37
HR550LA 2 7.02 16.46 6.9 27.18


HSLA steels can be readily welded regardless of the welding process.

Based on its experience (characterising its products), ArcelorMittal is able to provide technical assistance in adjusting spot and arc welding parameters of any steel in the HSLA range.

Fatigue strength

HSLA steels offer attractive fatigue strength properties.

Examples of Wöhler curves for a variety of HSLA steels are given in the graph below. They are expressed in terms of maximum stress versus number of cycles to failure. They are calculated for two loading ratios: tension-tension R=0.1 and tension-compression R=-1.

Because of their high endurance limits, these steels are particularly well suited to parts subject to fatigue loading. To restore the base metal endurance limit adjacent to welds in areas subjected to severe cyclic loading, a post-weld treatment such as TIG fusion, hammering, shot-peening or grinding should be applied to the toe of the weld runs.

ArcelorMittal is able to provide comprehensive database covering fatigue performance of steels in its HSLA range.

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